ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The largest radiological accident to occur in any urban area happened in Goiânia, Brazil, in 1987. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between breast cancer incidence and ionizing radiation levels. DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological study among residents of the city of Goiânia, Brazil. METHODS: The central region of Goiânia, with seven major sources of contamination from cesium-137, was defined as the study area. The addresses of women diagnosed with breast cancer were identified between 2001 and 2010. The data were geographically referenced and, using census data, the annual averages of crude incidence rates were estimated. The existence of clusters of new cases was ascertained by means of the Moran index. Correlations of radiometric measurements with the incidence were assessed using unconditional linear regression. RESULTS: A total of 4,105 new cases were identified, of which 2,233 were in the study area, and of these, 1,286 (57.59%) were georeferenced. The gross rates of total and referenced cases were 102.91 and 71.86/100,000 women, respectively. These were close to the average for Brazilian state capitals, which is 79.37/100,000 women. The cluster analysis showed slight correlations in three small sets of census tracts, but these were far from the sources of contamination. The scatter plot of points and the R2 value close to zero indicated that there was no association between the variables. CONCLUSION: This study reinforces the hypothesis that the ionizing radiation levels to which women living in Goiânia are now exposed to are not associated with the onset of new cases of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Radiation, Ionizing , Breast/radiation effects , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Cesium Radioisotopes/adverse effects , Air Pollution, Radioactive/adverse effects , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Incidence , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Radioactive Hazard ReleaseABSTRACT
Systematic surveys of the vegetative cover in Brazil include the semi-detailed mappings conducted within the scope of the Radam and Radambrasil projects, between 1971 and 1977, based on side-looking airborne radar images, and more recently, the assessments, based on Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery, of the remnant vegetation cover of the Brazilian biomes (MMA/PROBIO), finished in 2006. In a little more than 30 years, many changes have occurred, both in vegetation cover as well as in orbital remote sensing. In this review article, we discuss, from a conceptual and technological perspective, the evolution and the state of the art of imager sensors, as well as some of the enhancement techniques utilized for decoding (e.g., in biophysical parameters, etc.) and classifying the spectral response of vegetation. Likewise, we present the main current (pioneering) initiatives for land cover monitoring of the Brazilian biomes.
Levantamentos sistemáticos da cobertura vegetal no Brasil, à escala de semidetalhe, incluem aqueles realizados no âmbito dos projetos Radam e Radambrasil, no período de 1971 a 1977, tendo por base imagens de radar aerotransportadas e, mais recentemente, os mapeamentos, com base em imagens Landsat 7 ETM+, dos remanescentes da cobertura vegetal nos biomas brasileiros (projeto MMA/PROBIO), concluídos em 2006. Nestes pouco mais de 30 anos, muitas mudanças ocorreram, tanto na cobertura vegetal do país quanto no sensoriamento remoto orbital. Neste artigo de revisão, apresentamos, do ponto de vista conceitual e tecnológico, a evolução e o estado-da-arte dos sistemas sensores e discutimos algumas das técnicas mais utilizadas para decodificar (ex. em parâmetros biofísicos etc.) e classificar a resposta espectral da vegetação. Da mesma forma, apresentamos as principais iniciativas, históricas ou em curso, voltadas ao monitoramento da cobertura vegetal dos biomas brasileiros.
ABSTRACT
The hepatic megakaryocytic cells of New Zealand White rabbit in the intrauterine phase and in the immediate postnatal period were studied. Statistical analysis of the data concerning the cytoplasm and nucleus of those cells, i.e., area, perimeter, maximum diameter, minimum diameter, volume and shape factor, presented significant differences (p<0.01) for F values concerning the life phases studied on15th, 22nd and 29th day of intrauterine life and 10th day of postnatal life, and for F values for animal within each phase. The TukeyÆs test showed that most of the parameters studied in the cytoplasm and nucleus of these megakaryocytic cells presented the lowest values on the 15th day of intrauterine life and the highest on the 22nd day of the same phase
ABSTRACT
We studied hepatic megakaryocytopoiesis in New Zeland White rabbits during the intrauterine phase and after birth. Sixt females were sacrificed, two of them on the 15(th) day of pregnancy for embryo liver collection, and two on the 22(nd) and 29(th) day of pregnancy for fetus embryo collection. Six other females were allowed to complete gestation and liver of newborn rabbits was obtained on the 10(th), 21(st) and 32(nd) day after birth. Morphologically, the megakaryocytes presented scarce to abundant cytoplasm, with staining affinity ranging from slightly basophilic acidophilic. Masson trichrome staining revealed a large reddish and irregular nucleus (oval, reniform, karyokinetic and lobulated) with loose to dense chromatin and with a visible number of nucleoli depending on the chromatin pattern.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rabbits , Blood Coagulation , Megakaryocytes , Liver Neoplasms/physiopathology , Rabbits , Histological Techniques/standardsABSTRACT
Tumor de celulas granulares e uma lesao rara, descrita pela primeira vez por Abrikossoff em 1926. Desde entao, somente 46 casos de tumor de celulas granulares no colon foram descritos, sendo 15 em ceco. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 21 anos de idade, que apresentava um quadro clinico compativel com apendicite aguda. A laparotomia, foi achado um tumor de ceco que, ao exame anatomo-patologico, demonstrou ser um tumor de celulas granulares
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cecal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cecal Neoplasms/mortality , Cecal Neoplasms/pathology , Cecal Neoplasms/surgery , Granular Cell Tumor/diagnosisABSTRACT
Estudou-se a sistematizaçao do ductus principalis sinister, em 30 eqüinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês, 20 machos e 10 fêmeas, adultos, mediante o uso deradiografias e dissecaçoes. Compoem o sistema do ductus pricipalis sinistri, lateralis (lOO,O por cento), o ductus ventralis lobi sinistri lateralis (lOO,O por cento), ductus lobi sinistris medialis (lOO,O por cento), o ductus lobi quadrati (73,3 por cento), o ductus dorsalis lobi dextri (6,7 por cento), afora contribuiçoes inominadas do lobus sinister lateralis (territórios dorsal, médio e ventral), lobus sinister medialis, lobus quadratus, lobus caudautus (pars supraportalis e processus caudatus) e lobus dexter (territórios médio e ventral). O ductos principali sinister exibe por raízes 12 arranjos diferentes resultantes de combinaçoes sucessivas dos ductos conspícuos acima mencionados. Enfim, na constituiçao do ductus principalis sinister, nao foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes ao nível de 5,0 por cento, quando confrontados os sexos.